Course Handbook: Couple Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

The Course Handbook provides a detailed outline of the programme, including its structure, objectives, learning outcomes, regulations, and procedures.

This page should be read in conjunction with the bpf Student Handbook.

Who we are

The urge to pair is understood to be a powerful human drive begun in infancy, continued in development and, for many, culminating in the formation of adult couple relationships. Psychoanalysis brings to the fore an understanding of this drive and the complexity of that which is deeply desired, emphasising the connection between adulthood and infancy, between past and present. Adult couple relationships are a place where these earliest object relationships and embodied experiences will be evoked and brought to life between partners. Couple psychotherapy specifically regards the relationship as the primary patient as well as considering both partners in the couple as patients in treatment.

It is now accepted that the capacity to sustain nourishing or “good enough” relationships is the single most important factor in establishing mental wellbeing. Working with the couple relationship can have an enormously stabilising effect for both partners in a couple as well as in a family, chosen or of origin, and can mitigate the transfer of damage to the children (where relevant) and other family members. This training course is primarily concerned with the couple, whatever their relationship arrangement — how couples work, interact, develop and the difficulties that they often face.

By “couple” we mean any adult partnerships regardless of sexual orientation or gender, living together or apart. By family, we mean not only families of genetic origin, but also chosen family.

All trainees and members must abide by the BPC Code of Ethics and comply with all bpf policies, processes and regulations.

Training Overview and Background

This training draws primarily on psychoanalytic theory, including the unique couple psychoanalytic concepts developed over 80 years in the field of couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy, as well as other influences, such as mentalization based therapy. The training aims to help trainees learn to use their own selves as receivers of emotional communications from the couple and their minds as a place where these can be thought about. It is our experience that this is an enriching and unique learning opportunity, both professionally and personally.

The training intends to provide trainees with new skills in understanding and working with couples, but we find that it also tends to deepen and contextualize clinical work with individuals as well as families.

The unique features of this training are that it provides a focus on the following:

  • A contemporary psychoanalytic approach, theory and practice relevant to today’s complex world.
  • The conscious and unconscious impact of difference and discrimination on the couple relationship as well as between partners within relationships, e.g. homophobia, racism, ageism, class, ableism etc.

The main focus of this training is the impact of the unconscious on the inner world of the relationship and how this manifests in the difficulties couples present with. However, as outlined above, we also foreground the social and political realities, discrimination and diversity, because these aspects interact with and become internalized in the couple’s shared unconscious world, and are part of their lived experience which impacts them individually and as a couple. In addition, since the impact of culture is a central part of human development, the course also considers a developmental focus, looking at the capacity to form a couple relationship, transition to parenthood where this applies, divorce and separation, transition to later life, diverse couple relationships and so on. The course covers a wide-ranging exploration of specific couple psychoanalytic theories and concepts developed over the last 80 years, e.g. unconscious phantasy and beliefs, Oedipus and the couple, narcissistic relating, couple state of mind.

The training involves the following key elements:

  • Clinical experience of weekly therapy with two couples, each seen for one year.
  • Theoretical and clinical seminars, weekly during term time.
  • Individual clinical supervision for each case, with two different supervisors.
  • Working with your tutor regularly to support your development.
  • Personal therapy.

The aim is that all these elements interact with and inform each other to promote learning and development as a couple psychotherapist. The training and curriculum are under regular review, with the best interests of trainees, prospective couple psychotherapists and their patients in mind. The bpf reserves the right to make any changes considered necessary during the course of the training.

Key Contact Information

The Couple Psychodynamic Psychotherapy training programme is administered by a dedicated Course Administrator, who serves as the primary point of contact for all student enquiries.

Overall responsibility for the programme rests with the Course Director, Leezah Hertzmann, who oversees its delivery, with an External Examiner, Mrs. Orna Hadary, providing independent oversight of the qualification process. Students will also regularly interact with Helen Sett Wong, the Head of Couple Therapy Clinic, supporting their work with training couples.

Information on Teaching Staff & Course Structures

Teaching Staff

Teaching within the Couple Psychodynamic Psychotherapy training programme is provided by experienced couple psychoanalytic psychotherapists affiliated with the British Psychotherapy Foundation, complemented by input from external clinicians and published authors. This ensures that students receive a comprehensive and diverse perspective on both theoretical and clinical practice with couples.

Course Structure Overview

As part of the bpf’s more flexible approach to training, some students undertake the theory component as a stand-alone before beginning the clinical component of the course. For others, the two overlap: students start with a year of theory and then begin the clinical component alongside the second year of the theory seminar.

  • The Training Committee holds ultimate responsibility for managing the training programme and safeguarding the interests of trainees and the couples they treat.
  • The Personal Tutor supports each trainee individually throughout their training, reviewing progress and offering guidance.
  • Supervisors oversee trainees’ clinical work with training couples and report to the Training Committee on progress and readiness to qualify.

Entry Requirements, Admissions & Enrolment

Selection is based on an overall assessment of the applicant’s suitability for postgraduate clinical training in couple psychodynamic psychotherapy. The Admissions Panel considers applicants’ personal qualities, clinical experience, professional and academic readiness, and capacity to benefit from the training. Successful applicants will demonstrate:

  • A commitment to personal and professional development through psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis.
  • The capacity to undertake intensive clinical work with couples and to engage constructively in supervision, seminars, and personal therapy.
  • An ability to integrate theoretical learning with clinical practice.
  • Curiosity about unconscious processes, intimate relationships, sexuality, conflict, and emotional development.
  • Openness to diversity and difference, together with an awareness of the impact of social, cultural, and political factors on couple relationships.
  • Professional integrity, reliability, and a commitment to ethical clinical practice.

The British Psychotherapy Foundation is committed to equality, diversity, and inclusion and welcomes applications from all sections of the community.

Entry Requirements

Entry Requirements

The Couple Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Training is a postgraduate clinical training for qualified psychotherapists and psychoanalysts.

The Couple Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Training is a postgraduate clinical training for qualified psychotherapists and psychoanalysts. Applicants must have completed a recognised training in psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic psychotherapy (adult, child, or group) and hold current professional registration with the BPC, UKCP or ACP. Applications are also welcomed from suitably qualified psychodynamic psychotherapists working with adults. Decisions regarding eligibility will take account of previous clinical training, professional experience, personal therapy, and overall readiness for specialist training in couple psychotherapy.

Step-by-step guide to Registration and Enrolment

Prospective applicants are required to discuss the training with a Couple Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (CPP) Adviser before submitting an application. This informal discussion provides an opportunity to consider readiness for training and to ask questions about the programme.

Applications should include:

  • A completed application form.
  • A current curriculum vitae.
  • Copies of professional registration and relevant training certificates.
  • Payment of the application fee.

Shortlisted applicants will be invited to attend two selection interviews. Offers of a training place are made following consideration of the application and interview process.

Induction and Orientation

Applicants who accept an offer of a place will receive information about registration, enrolment, payment of fees, and the arrangements for beginning the programme. Students are required to complete all enrolment procedures before the start of teaching.

An induction programme is held prior to the start of the academic year – usually at 1.30pm on the Thursday of the previous week before the academic year starts in September . This introduces trainees to the structure of the training, curriculum, assessment requirements, clinical expectations, and relevant policies and procedures. Trainees also have the opportunity to meet their fellow students.

Deadlines and Important Dates

Applications are invited throughout the year as the course intakes in September and January. Applicants should refer to the training webpage for current application deadlines, interview dates, and the commencement of the academic year. The application deadline and associated documentation requirements will be published in advance of each admissions cycle.

For students undertaking the theory only, the entry point is September and there is no January entry for the theory only option. 

Academic Programme & Course Structure

The programme integrates theoretical study, supervised clinical practice, personal therapy, and reflective learning to develop advanced clinical knowledge and competence. The curriculum provides a comprehensive study of psychoanalytic approaches to couple psychotherapy, combining established psychoanalytic theory with the distinctive concepts developed within the field of couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy over the past eighty years.

Please note: References to appendices throughout this handbook relate to documents available on the course Moodle site. Trainees should refer to Moodle for the current versions of all forms, assessment criteria and supporting documentation. 

Course Objectives

Course Objectives

  • To offer a specialized focus and application of the theory and practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy with “the couple as patient”, in order to qualify trainees as independent practitioners in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Couples.
  • To equip graduates with the essential understanding and skills necessary to work at a Practitioner level, psychodynamically, with couples within the NHS, private practice and the third/voluntary sector.
  • To offer already qualified psychotherapists the opportunity to gain a further recognized clinical qualification in working with couples.
  • To provide a CPD opportunity for qualified BPC-registered psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapists to expand and enhance their practice.
Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of the training, graduates will be able to:

  • Apply contemporary psychoanalytic theory to the assessment and treatment of couples.
  • Understand and work with unconscious processes within the couple relationship.
  • Integrate theoretical knowledge, clinical observation, and reflective practice in therapeutic work.
  • Formulate and sustain psychoanalytic psychotherapy with couples across a range of clinical settings.
  • Recognise and address the impact of diversity, difference, discrimination, and wider social contexts on couple relationships and clinical practice.
  • Practise ethically, safely, and professionally as independent couple psychodynamic psychotherapists.
Personal and Professional Qualities & Competencies

The training places equal emphasis on professional and personal development. Throughout the programme, trainees are expected to develop the capacity to:

  • Use supervision, personal therapy, and seminars as integrated learning experiences.
  • Reflect upon their own emotional responses and use these constructively within clinical work.
  • Maintain a psychoanalytic stance while working with the complexity of couple relationships.
  • Engage thoughtfully with feedback and demonstrate openness to continued learning.
  • Integrate previous professional experience with the specialist demands of couple psychotherapy.
  • Work collaboratively, ethically, and with respect for diversity in all aspects of clinical practice.
Course Structure

As part of the bpf’s more flexible approach to training, some students undertake the theory component as a stand-alone before beginning the clinical component of the course. For others, the two overlap: students start with a year of theory and then begin the clinical component alongside the second year of the theory seminar.

Indicative Course Timetable

Seminars are held on Thursdays, indicatively between 1.30pm and 5.15pm, though exact start and finish times can vary slightly by term according to staff availability; the Course Director circulates the specific seminar schedule ahead of the start of each academic year.

  • Theory seminar: approximately 1 hour 15 minutes.
  • Break.
  • Clinical seminar: approximately 1 hour 30 minutes.

The bpf does its best to ensure that trainees can arrange their clinical practice and individual supervision to fit within their usually busy professional lives, but some flexibility is often required, both around this timetable and in order to accommodate training couple cases. Term dates, and dates for staff and student meetings, are circulated by the Course Administrator ahead of each academic year, dates and Zoom links for Student Feedback Meetings are available on Moodle.

Mode of Study & Attendance

The training is delivered through a hybrid model. Most theoretical and clinical seminars are held online, with designated in-person teaching days each term; students are notified of these dates well in advance and are expected to attend in person, as these sessions are not available online.

The programme seeks to provide trainees with teaching from experienced clinicians and subject specialists. On occasion, specialist teaching may be delivered online, including during scheduled in-person weeks, where this best supports the curriculum and ensures access to appropriate expertise.

Clinical supervision may take place online, although trainees are encouraged to meet with supervisors in person where possible. The Training Committee reserves the right to require in-person meetings with supervisors or tutors where this is considered important for a trainee’s clinical and professional development.

While seminars, tutorials, and supervision may be delivered in a hybrid format, all clinical work with couples must be undertaken in person. Online therapy sessions are not permitted, including when couples are unable to attend a scheduled session face to face.

Key Course Elements

The key course elements encompass all required components of the clinical training that each trainee must complete in order to qualify as a couple psychodynamic psychotherapist. These elements include personal therapy, tutorials, theory and clinical seminars, clinical work with training couples, and supervision.

Personal Therapy

Personal Therapy

Personal psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis is a core component of the training and supports trainees’ personal and professional development. Throughout the programme, trainees are required to remain in individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis at a minimum frequency of twice weekly (and preferably more) with a British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC) registered psychoanalyst or psychoanalytic psychotherapist who has been qualified for at least 5 years. Psychodynamic psychotherapists who are not psychoanalytic psychotherapists are not eligible to act as training therapists.

Personal therapy must continue until all training requirements have been completed and the trainee has qualified. The cost of personal therapy is met by the trainee and is separate from the course fees. Training therapists must have a minimum of five years’ post-qualification experience.

In exceptional circumstances, BPC-registered psychoanalytic psychotherapists undertaking the training may apply to the Course Director for exemption from the personal therapy requirement. Where an exemption is approved, trainees are required to undertake regular therapeutic consultation with a suitably qualified BPC-registered psychoanalyst or psychoanalytic psychotherapist with a minimum of five years’ post-qualification experience, at an agreed frequency.

Couple psychotherapy requires a different use of self than that required for working with individuals. Given this, the need for personal therapy/therapeutic consultation during the training, even where a lengthy analysis has been undertaken with a planned ending, needs to be emphasised. The Training Committee reserves the right to require a trainee to commence or resume personal psychoanalytic psychotherapy, or to increase its frequency, where this is considered necessary to support the trainee’s clinical development and progression.

Trainees must notify the Course Director of the name of their psychoanalyst or psychoanalytic psychotherapist and the frequency of their ongoing therapy or therapeutic consultation.

Details of Therapeutic Consultation

Therapeutic Consultation is not unlike therapy, but it has some distinct differences. It is a confidential space where the student can bring themselves, their experience of being a trainee again and, crucially, things which get “stirred up” by working with couples. Couple therapy is a powerful modality which can be particularly stirring, and all students are required to have a therapy space where they can take themselves, in confidence, to explore the nature and personal meaning of the impact of undertaking therapy with couples.

Therapeutic consultation must be with a psychoanalyst or psychoanalytic psychotherapist registered with the BPC and with a minimum of five years’ post-qualification experience. Students need to confirm the name of their therapeutic consultant with the Course Director for approval.

It is important to state that a student’s consultations, like therapy, are confidential and entirely separate from the course. There is a firewall around the consultations and there is no reporting to the training.

What therapeutic consultation might involve

Students are required to work out an arrangement with the person being consulted in terms of how to use the consultations, the regularity of meetings, fees and so on. Some pointers about what it might involve:

  • The frequency of sessions needs to be sufficient to grow the relationship and the accompanying trust, understanding and security, but not so frequent that it resembles a non-intensive therapy, because this isn’t what it is. Students may agree to meet with their therapeutic consultant once or twice a term, with the option to consult at other times, such as when taking on a new case, or if matters in the case might have a particularly stirring effect.
  • The primary function is to support the trainee’s own capacity for self-analysis, so the psychotherapist/psychoanalyst doesn’t seek to interpret the transference/countertransference but could use their understanding of transference phenomena to inform how they understand what the student is bringing and working on.
  • Given the nature of the couple training, and that it is for experienced clinicians who are mature learners, two of the most obvious areas which might arise in the consultations are Oedipal matters, and the challenges of being in the learning position at this stage in life, profession and career — although all sorts of other things may be re-visited.
  • Students might also find themselves using the consultations to think about the transference implications and how their own internal object world may impact on, for example, how they are relating to the training, dependency or not on supervisors and teachers, relationships with peers, and how they are experiencing being in the couple psychotherapist role. These things won’t be for interpretation as in a therapy, but rather to make links and connections to the work already done in previous analysis or psychotherapy.

Students undertaking this course, having done a previous training, are at a level of maturity where it is hoped that the need for further therapy or therapeutic consultation might be identified by the student themselves in discussion with course staff, and it is important that this is thought about with the tutor to consider the best way forward.

Tutorials

Tutorials

Trainees are expected to contact their tutor to arrange a tutorial of an hour once a term. Tutorials are used to discuss and monitor the student’s progress on the course and to offer information and guidance about their development. It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that they meet with their tutor regularly and keep in touch with them at frequent intervals. The hour once a term can be divided up over the term, for example, in two half hour slot if this is felt to be helpful. It is crucial that students make sure their tutor gets to know them well so that they can best support the student’s development.  

The tutor’s role is one of a learning support and study advisor and is the person who brings together, has oversight of and holds all the various aspects of the students’ training and development. The tutor has in mind all the different elements for each student and plays a key role in their training. The tutor should be the ‘go to’ person for all aspects of training although there will inevitably be some overlap with supervision and other staff.  

The arrangements for tutorial support have been organised to reflect the needs of our predominantly professional, part-time and mature student group.   

Each trainee will be allocated a personal tutor who meets with them as above, to discuss their progress. The tutors will explore the student’s response to the varied elements of the course, provide informed feedback on their progress and discuss any difficulties. Tutorials will also allow for space to explore the impact of this complex and sometimes stirring training on the trainee’s professional and personal life, including their relationship with the training and becoming a student again.  

As described above, this course has a requirement for students to engage in personal therapy as a place which can provide space to process the feelings associated with being on the training amongst other things. However, it is expected that students will turn to their tutor for support due to the demanding nature of the clinical work and the course content, in order that students are able to integrate the emotional pulls of this training with their development as a couple psychotherapist. Please note that the training committee reserves the right to request students to meet in person with their tutor where this is felt to be important for their development. 

After meeting with the tutor, they will briefly fill in a record to give an overview of what was discussed and any action needed this form is available on Moodle. This will be shared with the student. 

Theory Seminars

Theory Seminars

The theory component provides the academic foundation for specialist practice in couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Building on trainees’ previous psychoanalytic or psychodynamic training, the seminars deepen theoretical understanding of unconscious processes within couple relationships and support the integration of theory with clinical practice. Emphasis is placed on the development of a contemporary psychoanalytic understanding of couple dynamics, including the impact of diversity, difference, and discrimination on both the couple relationship and the therapeutic process. Progress in the theory component is reviewed throughout the training through ongoing discussion between seminar leaders, tutors, and the Training Committee.

Function, Aims and Learning Outcomes of the Theory Component

  • To provide trainees with a rigorous theoretical programme on psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory, with a particular emphasis on understanding conscious and unconscious couple interaction.
  • To provide a theoretical framework for the practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy with couples.
  • To consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience achieved on students’ initial psychoanalytic or psychodynamic qualification and apply this to their development as a couple psychotherapist.
  • To enable the student to make use of and integrate their previous experience and training.
  • To develop an understanding of the unique couple psychoanalytic concepts and to be able to apply these in psychodynamic clinical work with couples.
  • To develop the capacity to attend to the conscious and unconscious impact of difference and discrimination on the couple relationship as well as between partners within relationships, and to address these in the therapy.

There is no written reporting of the theory seminar, and students’ progression is discussed with their tutors and seminar leaders. Feedback on each student’s development of theoretical understanding, including application of theory to clinical work, is provided by staff to the Training Committee once a term and to the Progression Board in the summer.

In Years 1 and 2 trainees attend weekly theoretical seminars focusing on the application of psychoanalytic thinking as it applies to the understanding of unconscious aspects of the couple relationship. The course covers psychoanalytic concepts, including the unique couple psychoanalytic concepts and theories developed over the last 80 years. These are essential for understanding unconscious couple interaction. Alongside this, there is an emphasis on a contemporary psychoanalytic approach, theory and practice relevant to today’s complex world. This includes attending to the conscious and unconscious impact of difference and discrimination on the couple relationship as well as between partners within relationships e.g. homophobia, racism, ageism, class, ableism etc. 

The theory seminars are structured in a two-year arc and new students on the full clinical training can join at two entry points, either in September or January of each year. This means that students enter on a rolling programme and the design of the curriculum takes this in to account, including the fact that all students entering the course will have completed previous psychoanalytic/psychodynamic trainings and be qualified practising practitioners.  For students undertaking the theory only, the entry point is September and there is no January entry for the theory only option.

Whilst not an exhaustive list the curriculum will cover many of the following concepts:  

The creative couple, couple state of mind, projective identification, shared unconscious phantasy, shared defences, oedipal conflicts, falling in love, marriage as a container, intimacy vs separateness, narcissism, borderline states, adhesive identification, psychotic states, couple development across the life cycle, transference, countertransference, sexuality, masculinity and femininity, intersectionality, race and other matters of diversity and discrimination (although the aim is that matters of diversity are taught throughout the seminars and woven into the teaching). In the second year, the theory seminar continues to study psychoanalytic concepts as they are applied to couples and specific psychoanalytic couple concepts, focussing on more demanding and complex areas as well as areas of social significance. These include the following: couples as parents, intersectionality, reproductive technologies, the ethics of countertransference and the analyst’s subjective states, the violent couple, suicidal states, safeguarding, perversion, perversion of truth, loss and mourning, sexuality, sex and gender, assessment, endings, infidelity, mentalization, death and illness, intergenerational transmission, the couple superego and so on.  

The above is not an exhaustive list, rather it is illustrative and not all of the above will necessarily be covered. There are 30 seminars per academic year of one and a quarter hours each week. 

At certain times, some of the seminar leaders may not be couple psychotherapists, rather they are selected to lead the theory seminar as they are subject experts or have a particular expertise in an area important for the curriculum.  

As part of the BPF’s more flexible approach to training, some students will undertake the theory component as a stand-alone before undertaking the clinical component of the course. For some, they will overlap, i.e. they will start with a year of theory and then start with the clinical component alongside the second year of the theory seminar.  

Clinical Seminars

Clinical Seminars

The clinical seminar comprises students and the clinical seminar leader. Trainees take it in turns each week to present detailed clinical material from a current case, bringing password-protected process notes shared with the group and seminar leader. Through their presentations, trainees are exposed to the work of colleagues and are enabled to study a range of clinical and technical issues.

The clinical seminar provides the opportunity for concepts developed in the theory seminar to be recognized and identified in the clinical context. It also involves learning about couple formulations, clinical technique with couples, and how these bring together many aspects of the couple’s functioning. The clinical seminar complements individual supervision by providing another perspective or “third position”, and offers an opportunity for trainees to discuss theory and practice in a collegial setting, as well as to think about group processes in relation to couples and the parallel process.

As in individual supervision, trainees will be required to engage with and explore clinical and technical issues as they manifest in the consulting room. However, the clinical seminar is not just concerned with a student’s presentation and the quality of the clinical work — it also focusses on the student’s general capacity to participate, contribute and offer their minds to the clinical seminar leader as well as the group in an open, non-defensive way which contributes to the whole group’s learning. This will be assessed as an integral part of their development.

When students are waiting to be allocated a couple, either for a first or second case, or where a case might have dropped out for example, they will bring other clinical work they are currently undertaking, provided that it is work they are undertaking on their own with an individual, parents or couple, and not a case seen in co-therapy of any kind or work in another modality.

Learning Outcomes of the Clinical Seminar Component

  • Capacity to present detailed clinical material in a relevant and concise manner.
  • Exposure to a range of therapeutic psychodynamic work with couples through hearing the work of other students in the group.
  • Capacity to apply clinical and theoretical knowledge to a range of clinical issues with couples, integrating theoretical considerations into clinical practice, including technical issues.
  • Capacity to “think couple” — developing an understanding of the couple interaction and addressing joint interpretations to the couple, including maintaining, and recovering when lost, a “couple state of mind”.
  • Willingness to contribute and offer their minds to the clinical seminar leader and the group in an open, non-defensive way which contributes to the whole group’s learning and places the clinical work at the centre of the endeavour.
  • Capacity to attend to the conscious and unconscious impact of difference and discrimination on the couple relationship as well as between partners within relationships.
  • Openness to thinking about the parallel process and the group’s dynamics in an open, non-defensive way.

The Clinical Seminar Leader provides regular feedback on each trainee’s progress to the Training Committee, helping students to think about psychopathology in psychoanalytic terms, using material from the sessions to understand the couple’s object relationships, the nature of their defences and anxieties, the impact of these on their developmental difficulties, shared unconscious phantasy and defences, and the impact of conscious and unconscious aspects of discrimination and diversity on both individual partners and the couple’s relationship.

Clinical Supervision

Function, Aims and Learning Outcomes of Individual Clinical Supervision

Individual supervision provides support for the trainee’s clinical work and an opportunity to explore the material in greater depth, reflecting on both the experience of the couple and the trainee therapist. It focuses on the student’s use of self in relation to the experience of the couple, thinking about how this informs psychodynamic technique with couples. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding unconscious communications — including those which involve conscious and unconscious aspects of discrimination — the emerging transference both between the partners in the couple and between the couple and the therapist, and countertransference manifestation.

Learning Outcomes of the Clinical Supervision Component

  • Establishing and maintaining the setting and a therapeutic stance: examining the way the student relates to the couple, providing a safe, respectful space, combining empathic involvement with a capacity to observe and reflect, making sure each partner is given space, and finding a balance between following the couple’s material and challenging or taking an independent view of the situation.
  • Listening to the unconscious: sensitivity to the manifestations of the unconscious, whether in “couple stories”, dreams, repetitions and enactments, memories in feeling, acting out, parapraxes and so on, including listening to unconscious manifestations of discrimination such as homophobia, racism, class, ableism, gender and power.
  • Understanding the transference and countertransference: developing an awareness of latent themes in a session or sequence of sessions, including the use of the student’s own affective responses and countertransference, and making hypotheses about what is happening with particular reference to the transference.
  • Intervening: conveying understanding to the couple in a clear, tactful and affectively relevant way, keeping a “couple state of mind”, and considering the timing and dosage of interpretations, as well as noticing and considering missteps or enactments without undue defensiveness.
  • Professional behaviour: time-keeping in clinical work, seminars and supervision, maintaining an analytic couple frame and boundaries, keeping appropriate records in accordance with BPF clinical governance procedures, and managing relationships and communications with staff and relevant professionals connected to the couple.
  • Ability to reflect on both the experience of the couple and therapist in a way which can be communicated and understood by other colleagues and professionals where relevant, and ability to use supervision and be open to taking feedback in an authentic way.

All students are expected to write detailed process recordings on both couples (where two couples are seen concurrently), sent to the supervisor, password protected, prior to the supervision session. Each training couple is supervised individually by a different supervisor, meaning that trainees normally work with two supervisors during the programme. Supervisors are allocated by the Course Director, taking account of availability and other practical considerations. Supervision sessions are one hour in duration, and trainees normally receive approximately 30 supervision sessions for each training couple over the academic year. Where trainees are working with two training couples concurrently, supervision may be arranged on alternate weeks for each case. Supervision fees are separate from the course fees and are paid directly to supervisors.

Training Couples & Six-Monthly Reports

Training Couples & Six-Monthly Reports

Clinical work with training couples is a core component of the programme. Trainees are required to undertake once-weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy with two training couples, each seen for a minimum of one year.

Before commencing work with a first training couple, trainees are allocated a clinical supervisor and are required to present anonymised process notes from their current clinical work. This enables the supervisor to assess the trainee’s readiness to begin work with a training couple and to consider any factors that may affect the timing of commencing clinical practice. Trainees may not begin work with a training couple until approval has been given by their supervisor and confirmed by the Course Director.

Training couples are seen within the framework of the BPF Low Fee Clinic and are treated in the trainee’s consulting room. Trainees are responsible for maintaining accurate clinical records, communicating appropriately with other professionals where required, and complying with all BPF clinical governance and record-keeping policies. For international students, couples will be seen in the setting in which the therapist is working, abiding by local governance and regulatory frameworks. So, although the BPF low fee clinic cases are seen in the students’ private practices or other suitable settings, clinical responsibility, governance arrangements and requirements are those of the BPF and students are expected to abide by the BPF’s arrangements for governance, record keeping, safeguarding and so on. The clinical work of the training provides trainees with the essential skills necessary for working therapeutically with couples both in private practice as well as in the NHS and voluntary/third sector.  Clinical cases are all assessed by senior clinical staff prior to allocation to students. Students are not allowed to assess their own training cases. Supervisors and tutors are allocated by the Course Director.  

Permission to undertake work with a second training couple is considered once the first case is established and satisfactory progress has been demonstrated, based on reports from supervisors and teaching staff and the trainee meeting the published progression criteria. Therapy with each training couple continues for a minimum of twelve months. Where a training case is transferred to a trainee’s private practice with the prior approval of the Course Director and Director of Clinical Services, supervision must continue until all training requirements have been completed, and the timing of any planned ending should always be agreed with the supervisor before discussion with the couple.

UNDERTAKING THERAPY SESSIONS WITH COUPLES AND CLINICAL SUPERVISION 

In the first year, trainees will usually be given the permission to commence the treatment of a once weekly couple psychotherapy case after presenting some recent clinical work to their supervisor using password protected process notes (see below point 4). This may be a couple case or where the student isn’t yet working with couples, it could be an individual case or perhaps a case where parents are seen as part of child/family psychotherapy. Whilst it is unusual for students not to be granted permission to start clinical work, it is an important part of the preparation prior to seeing a first training couple case. It is important students’ new supervisor has a chance to hear about how one works and where students are at in their own development as a psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapist. In addition, it provides the opportunity to take in to account any other matters, for example, life events, which may impact on the timing of taking on a new case.  

Please look at the process for taking on a couple and starting clinical work as laid on in the flow chart and governance information on Moodle. 

  1. Students are required to treat two couples in once weekly psychodynamic psychotherapy for twelve months.  
  1. Prior to starting clinical work, students will be allocated to a supervisor by the Course Director. Students will need to liaise with the supervisor about times and days to meet for supervision and hopefully a suitable time can be agreed.  
  1. Where it is not possible to find a time, then it might be that another supervisor will need to be allocated.  
  1. At the first meeting with the supervisor, students will need to present some current clinical work (which students have undertaken on their own), by presenting process notes of a recent session. Please either print out and bring a copy for the supervisor, or send to the supervisor prior to the supervision but please ensure it is password protected and completely anonymised.  
  1. When students present current clinical work from a recent session and if they are already seeing couples, then it is best to present a couple rather than in individual. But if students do not have a couple to bring, then they could also bring either work with an individual patient, perhaps who has brought a relationship difficulty, or work with parents if you see parents as part of the work with children /families.  
  1. After hearing the student’s presentation and the discussion in supervision, the supervisor will then say that the students is ready (or not) to start clinical work with a couple. Students cannot start work with a couple until your supervisor has heard you present your work and given you this go ahead to start.  
  1. Students will then receive a confirmation letter from the Course Director to say that they are ready to take on a first couple, and this will be copied to the Head of the Couple Therapy Clinic Helen Sett-Wong and the Director of Clinical Services, Angela Marsh, so they know when students are ready to take on a case.  
  1. Students are strongly advised to treat more than one couple at a time as this is helpful to their own professional development unless course staff advise otherwise.   
  1. Clinical supervision sessions are 60 mins in length, undertaken individually with each student. 
  1. Clinical sessions with the couple are also 60 minutes.  
  1. Clinical supervision costs are not included in the course fee and the rate is set by the BPF, usually £80 per session. Students pay their supervisors directly. Supervision fees may rise each year or bi-annually, and students will be informed where this is the case. 

For training cases, each 60-minute clinical session with the couple will be undertaken within the framework of the BPF’s low fee clinic and takes place in the student’s own consulting room. For international students, this will be in their own setting.  Trainees will be responsible for keeping clinical records up to date and to communicate with other professionals when necessary and in discussion with their supervisor(s). They will also be responsible for complying with the BPF record keeping and governance systems and keeping records up to date accordingly. For international students they will need to comply with their local governance arrangements.  

Trainees will receive individual supervision for each of their two training couple cases. This means that each trainee will have two supervisors, one for each couple.  

   Process for taking on a second training couple case 

Permission to see a second couple may be sought when the first case is well established in treatment, and the trainee’s supervisors and members of the teaching staff are satisfied about the trainee’s progress and capacity. The criteria for taking on a second couple are below. When progression to taking on a second couple is agreed by the supervisor, students will then receive a confirmation letter from the Course Director to say that they are ready to take on their second couple, and this will be copied to the Head of the Couple Therapy Clinic Helen Sett-Wong and Director of Clinical Services, Angela Marsh, so they know the student is ready to take on a second case. A second supervisor for the second training couple will be allocated by the Course Director with thought given to the right match, availability, times and so on. 

Second year trainees will continue offering weekly therapy to two couples who each must have been seen for a minimum of one full calendar year. Supervisions on each couple continue until the end of each couple’s twelve months’ therapy but where a student is seeing the couple in private practice (see section above for further details on supervision arrangements), they must continue in supervision until all of the requirements for the training have been met.  A date for the end of the therapy must be negotiated with the supervisor prior to discussion with the couple and also informing the Head of the Couple Therapy Clinic Helen Sett-Wong and the Director of Clinical Services, Angela Marsh.  

Trainees receive approx. 30 supervision sessions per couple over the course of the academic year. If more supervisions are required this can be arranged on an individual basis at an additional fee paid directly to the supervisor. Some trainees find that their clinical requirements take them into a third year and the student will need to bear the cost of this.  

Where the student is seeing two couples concurrently, it is possible for the student to have alternate fortnightly supervision on each couple. It is expected that the overall minimum number of hours of supervision when holding two cases is somewhere between 35 – 42 and the exact number will be determined by the student’s individual circumstances, taking factors such as development as a couple psychotherapist, the couple’s trajectory of treatment, the supervisor’s judgment and the Training Committee’s consideration of the best way to support the couple in treatment as well as the student’s development. Supervision costs are not included in the course fee and fees are paid directly to the supervisor.  Students joining the training in academic year 26/27 will pay their supervisors £80 per session. 

Twice each academic year, trainees are required to submit a six-monthly clinical report for each training couple, regardless of the length of time the couple has been in treatment. Reports are due on the last Wednesday of November and the last Wednesday of May. Draft reports must be submitted to the relevant clinical supervisor at least two weeks before the submission deadline, to allow time for review and feedback, and trainees are expected to revise their reports in light of supervisory feedback before final submission. Clinical reports must not exceed 1,500 words.

Reports should not include an extensive history of the couple, as this will already be known to the supervisor. Rather, students should summarise the history succinctly, demonstrate the ability to concisely summarise the work, and demonstrate a psychoanalytic understanding and formulation of the therapy so far.

The supervisor needs to sign off the report prior to the final draft being sent; once this has happened, it is the student’s responsibility — not the supervisor’s — to return the form to the Course Director, the Course Administrator, their supervisor(s), and their tutor.

Assessment Methods

Trainees on the couple psychodynamic psychotherapy training programme are developing a specialist skill in working with and understanding couples in a psychodynamic way. There are no written assessment essays on this training; rather, the focus is on the clinical practice and theory of couple psychotherapy. In furtherance of this objective, the training aims to promote in the trainee a capacity to integrate theory and clinical practice and to relate these specifically to the couple. This capacity is measured by a process of continuous assessment, articulating the criteria by which the aims and objectives of the training are evaluated for each trainee.

Twice yearly, students normally receive a report from the clinical seminar leader and a supervision report on their progress. Theory seminar leaders do not provide written reports but do provide verbal feedback to the Training Committee. Regular reports and feedback from staff are an important part of the dialogue between staff and students about their development on the course and becoming couple psychotherapists.

Criteria for Continuous Assessment

The instrument of continuous assessment evaluates a trainee’s progress in integrating theory with clinical practice and use of self. The following criteria — intended as a guide to be used flexibly, consistent with the level and progress of the trainee — outline several issues that supervisors and seminar leaders will bear in mind in their reports.

  • Clinical Sensitivity — including the capacity to conceptualise what is going on in “the here and now” of each session, the capacity to recognise and interpret the transference, make use of countertransference, timing and type of interpretations, awareness of the multiplicity of meanings and the unconscious couple interaction, the projective system and the couple “fit”.
  • Clinical Judgement/Clinical Formulation of the couple, their relationship, each of their own dynamic internal object worlds, and their shared unconscious phantasies and defences.
  • Evidence of theoretical understanding and the ability to make clinical use of theoretical concepts, beyond a purely intellectual understanding — including the capacity to use theory to deepen the work with the couple, inform technique and formulation, and thereby address the unconscious aspects of the couple’s relationship as the therapy progresses.
  • Ongoing development of therapeutic attitudes — including receptivity, openness to learning, a non-judgmental stance, willingness to authentically accept and reflect on feedback from staff, and openness to having one’s own views challenged in relation to diversity and discrimination. This also includes the trainee’s contribution and stance within supervision and seminars, including interaction with the group and relationships with peers.
Assessment Methods by Component

Theory Seminars

There are no formal written assessments for the theory seminars. Trainees’ progress is reviewed through their engagement with the seminars, development of theoretical understanding, and ability to apply psychoanalytic concepts to clinical work. Seminar leaders provide regular feedback to the Training Committee, which contributes to the annual Progression Board.

Clinical Supervision

Individual supervision provides ongoing assessment of clinical practice and professional development. Supervisors submit written reports twice yearly commenting on each trainee’s clinical progress, development, and readiness to undertake increasing levels of clinical responsibility. An additional supervisory report is completed before a trainee begins work with a second training couple.

Clinical Seminars

Clinical seminars form an integral part of the assessment process. Assessment considers both the quality of trainees’ clinical thinking and their participation within the reflective learning group. Clinical Seminar Leaders submit reports, normally twice yearly, commenting on each trainee’s clinical development, capacity to integrate theory and practice, participation in the seminar, and progress towards the programme learning outcomes.

Clinical Reports

Twice yearly, trainees are required to submit a six-monthly clinical report on each training couple, irrespective of how long the couple has been in treatment. Reports must be discussed with the clinical supervisor before submission. These reports form an important part of the continuous assessment process and contribute to the overall evaluation of clinical development.

Tutorials

Personal tutors monitor trainees’ academic, clinical, and professional development throughout the programme. Tutorials provide opportunities to review progress, identify learning needs, and support progression. Tutors contribute to the Training Committee’s overall assessment of each trainee’s development.

Progression & Qualification

The Training Committee reviews each trainee’s progress throughout the programme using evidence from:

  • Clinical supervision reports.
  • Clinical seminar reports.
  • Feedback from theory seminar leaders.
  • Six-monthly clinical reports.
  • Tutor reports and discussions.

Qualification as a couple psychodynamic psychotherapist is achieved once all the training requirements have been successfully completed and the level of clinical work is deemed suitable. The decision about qualification is made at the Progression Board by the Training Committee and external examiner, usually once a year at the end of the summer term. The training takes a minimum of two years, although it can take longer.

Trainees who have not completed their clinical requirements or met the criteria for progression at the end of the taught two-year programme will continue their training into a third year. When this happens, the trainee is required to continue their clinical work under regular supervision, attend the clinical seminar weekly, continue to write six-monthly reports on the couples, continue to meet regularly with their tutor, and continue in therapy or therapeutic consultation until all clinical requirements have been completed. Unless the Training Committee decides otherwise, the student usually doesn’t have to attend the theory seminar in this third year, and fees are adjusted accordingly. Notice of this is given following the Progression Board and external examiner approval, usually in late July or early August.

Where students are not developing sufficiently to fulfil all the necessary progression criteria, the Training Committee may require the student to see a third couple or to have further therapy. Where a student has therapeutic consultation but returning to therapy is indicated, the Training Committee can require that the student re-enters therapy at the recommended frequency, usually at least twice weekly, in order to support their development towards qualification.

Where students have a private practice and complete twelve months’ treatment with their first couple, it is possible to take the couple into private practice, but this must be discussed with the supervisor, tutor, Head of Couple Therapy Clinic, Director of Clinical Services and Course Director prior to making any arrangement with the couple. Where continuing the treatment in private practice is agreed, students must remain in regular supervision and meet regularly with their tutor until they have fulfilled all the clinical requirements with their training cases, as well as all the other requirements of the course.

Procedures for Submitting the Six-Monthly Report

Guidelines for writing the report:

  1. Reports, with all sections completed, should be sent electronically by the required deadline, copied to the supervisor, the tutor, the Course Director and the Course Administrator. This is due on the last Wednesday in May and the last Wednesday in November.
  2. The report must be marked as Confidential and always be password protected, with the password sent separately to the supervisor, tutor, Course Director and Course Administrator.
  3. Reports should be submitted regardless of the length of time the couple has been in treatment.
  4. Reports need to be shown to supervisors at least two weeks before the submission deadline, so that they can review the report and feedback, allowing time to redraft. Supervisors should be given enough time to undertake this without rush.
Feedback Mechanisms & Quality Assurance

Feedback Mechanisms

The training is regularly reviewed to ensure that it continues to provide a high-quality learning experience and supports trainees’ clinical and professional development. Student feedback is an important part of this process and contributes to the ongoing evaluation and enhancement of the programme.

Trainees are also invited to provide feedback through the British Psychotherapy Foundation’s formal course evaluation processes and feedback questionnaires. We value your feedback about the course and need your help to ensure you are provided with a robust training experience which supports your development as a couple psychotherapist.  We need to know what we are doing right and crucially what we might need to adjust and improve.  

In the week after the end of each term, usually during the time the course runs on Thursday afternoons, the Course Director will meet with students to discuss their experience of training and hear their thoughts about the course. This feedback will be carefully considered and where necessary, used to make appropriate changes.